Mumusangano wekugadzira we smartphone casings, matehwe endege, uye kuvaka madziro emaketeni, girazi rakatsetsekaaluminium ndiroinogona kushandurwa kuita "smart ganda" iro risingapindire zvigunwe, risingarambiki, uye kunyange kubviswa ruvara mushure mekuita zvisinganzwisisike kugadzirisa. Aya ndiwo mashiripiti ealuminium pamusoro pekurapa tekinoroji - kuburikidza nemuviri, makemikari, kana zvipenyu nzira, akasiyana anoshanda "mamorekuru zvombo" anovakwa pamusoro pealuminium, achibvumira simbi dzakajairwa kupenya zvinoshamisa.
Sei kurapwa kwepamusoro kuchidikanwa?
Kunyangwe aluminium ichizivikanwa se "simbi isingaite ngura", maitiro ayo echisikigo ane zvikanganiso zvakakura zvitatu:
Corrosion inokonzeresa: Munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, aluminiyamu inopindirana neokisijeni kuumba aruminiyamu oxide inodzivirira layer, asi acidic kana alkaline nharaunda inogona kukuvadza ichi chivhariso chechisikigo.
Kusapfeka zvakanaka kupikisa: Aluminiyamu yakachena ine kuoma kweHV15-20 chete (simbi ine HV40-60), uye mavanga anowanzoitika panguva yekukweshana kwezuva nezuva.
Aesthetic zvipingamupinyi: Iyo isina kugadzirwa aluminium peso yakagomara uye haina kupenya, zvichiita kuti zviome kusangana nepamusoro-yekupedzisira dhizaini zvinodiwa.
Tekinoroji yekurapa kwepamusoro yakanangana nekugadzirisa nyaya idzi nekugadzira jira rinoshanda re 0.1-500 μ m pamusoro pealuminium, ichipa hunhu hwakadai sekuramba kwecorrosion, kuramba kupfeka, uye kushongedzwa. Zvinopfuura 200 miriyoni matani ealuminium anorapwa pasi rose gore rega rega, zvichigadzira kukosha kwekugadzira kunodarika mabhiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora ekuAmerica.
Ongororo yakazara ye mainstream surface kurapwa matekinoroji
Anodizing: Electrolysis magic inogadzira 'zvombo'
Musimboti: Nyura zvinhu zvealuminium mu sulfuric acid electrolyte uye gadzira 10-200 μ m alumina ceramic layer pamusoro pepamusoro mushure mekuiswa magetsi.
Zvinangwa zvehunyanzvi
Kugadzira chimiro chemuzinga diki nekuoma kwekusvika HV300 (yakawedzera nekagumi neshanu)
Inogona kudhayiwa kuita anopfuura mazana maviri mavara (senge gradient yebhuruu ye iPhone).
Salt spray corrosion resistance kusvika kumaawa 2000 (yakajairika aruminiyamu ndiro maawa mazana mashanu chete).
Application case
Aerospace: Boeing 787 fuselage ganda anodized kurapwa inovandudza UV kuchembera kuramba katatu.
Kuvaka madziro eketeni: Alucobond composite panel anodized firimu ukobvu hwe50 μ m, nehupenyu hweanopfuura makore makumi mashanu.
Electroplating: Cross border Kubatanidzwa kweMetal Coatings
Nheyo: Nekuiswa kwe electrochemical, nickel, chromium, tini uye mamwe masimbi akafukidzwa pamusoro pealuminium.
Innovation kubudirira:
Nanoelectroplating: Japan inogadzira ultra-thin coatings ine ukobvu hwe 1 μ m chete kuchengetedza mukana we substrate isingaremi.
Composite electroplating: Kuwedzera zvidimbu zvedhaimondi kune mhinduro yekuisa kuwedzera kuomarara kuHV1000.
Kutsiva kwezvakatipoteredza: Cyanide yemahara electroplating process inoderedza kuburitswa kwesimbi inorema ne90%.
Maitiro ekushandisa
Zvigadzirwa zvemotokari: Tesla bhatiri tireyi yakavharwa nenickel layer, inokwanisa kushingirira tembiricha yakakwira kusvika ku800 ℃.
Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi: MacBook shell yakaputirwa nemhangura layer, thermal conductivity inovandudzwa ne40%.
Micro arc oxidation (MAO): "vira reatomu" remachira eceramic
Tekinoroji misimboti: Pasi pemhepo yakakwirira yemagetsi munda, kubuda kweplasma kunogadzirwa pamusoro pealuminium, ichigadzira 10-200 μ m ceramic layer.
Performance zvakanakira:
Kupfeka kuramba: Kupfeka kwakaderera se5 × 10 ⁻⁷ mm ³/N · m (1/5 yeanodizing).
Insulation performance: breakdown voltage kusvika 2000V/mm (10 times that of iron).
Biocompatibility: yakasimbiswa nemishonga kuti ishandiswe mukugadzira majoini akabatanidzwa.
Frontier applications:
Zvishandiso zvekurapa: Germany B Braun midziyo yekuvhiya yakaputirwa neMAO pamusoro, ine antibacterial rate ye99.9%.
Spacecraft insulation: NASA yakagadzira Al ₂ O ∝ - TiO ₂ composite ceramic layer, tembiricha inopesana ne2000 ℃.
Kemikari inoshandura firimu: iyo "isingaoneki nhovo" yekugadzira yakasvibira
Tekinoroji maficha: Hapana chikonzero chemagetsi, gadzira firimu rekudzivirira mukamuri tembiricha mhinduro.
Maitiro akajairika:
Kushandurwa kweChromate: Yakanakisa corrosion kuramba, asi hexavalent chromium ine carcinogenic (yakarambidzwa neEuropean Union).
Phosphate chromate shanduko: chromium yemahara uye ine hushamwari imwe mhinduro, yakanyatsoiswa mumutsara wekugadzira weFord.
Silane kurapwa: Kutsiva simbi munyu ne organosilane mamorekuru kunoderedza mari yekuchenesa mvura ne70%.
Kuvhiringidza shanduko itsva yetekinoroji
Nano coating: molecular level precision dziviriro
Iyo "biomimetic lotus leaf effect" yakavharidzirwa yakagadziriswa neHarvard University ine angle yekusangana ye160 degree uye madonhwe emvura anongodonha.BASF nanoceramic coating kubva kuGermany, ine ukobvu hwe200nm, inogona kuramba jecha nematombo.
Kuzviporesa kupora: iyo "self regeneration" yezvinhu
Kansai Coatings muJapan yakagadzira microcapsule self-healing system inoburitsa maajenti ekugadzirisa panzvimbo dzekutanga, ichibvumira kudzoreredza kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana.
Hefei Institute of Materials Sayenzi neTekinoroji, Chinese Academy yeSainzi, yakagadzira coating inopindura nekushisa iyo inogadzirisa yega kana yasangana nekupisa.
Hungwaru hunochinja coating: nzvimbo inogona 'kufunga'
Gentex electrochromic girazi kubva kuIsrael, ine mwenje transmittance yakagadziridzwa nevoltage (1% -80%)
Merck yemagetsi inki tekinoroji kubva kuGermany inowana shanduko yepasi pematani pamahwendefa ealuminium.
Indasitiri application panorama
Consumer electronics: chiratidziro chehunyanzvi hwekugadzira
Iyo furemu yeHuawei Mate yakatevedzana inotora micro arc oxidation+PVD coating, ine ukobvu hwe 0.6mm chete.Iyo Samsung Galaxy S24 Ultra furemu inoshandisa diamond-senge kabhoni firimu (DLC) nekuoma kweHV900.
Mota Nyowani dzeMagetsi: Kuenzanisa Huremu uye Kuchengetedzeka
BYD blade bhatiri tireyi inotora anodizing + epoxy resin coating, murazvo unodzora giredhi UL94 V-0
Iyo BMW iX chassis armor yakashongedzwa neceramicized silane, iyo inoderedza huremu ne30% uye inopesana nemhedzisiro.
Architectural Curtain Wall: Tekinoroji Kuratidzwa kweUrban Aesthetics
Madziro ekunze eBurj Khalifa muDubai akafukidzwa nefluorocarbon, nekupikisa kwemamiriro ekunze anosvika makore makumi mashanu.
Iyo korona yeshongwe yeShanghai Center Building inoshandisa photocatalysis self-cleaning coating kubvisa huruva mushure mekugeza kwemvura.
Ramangwana Mafambiro Nematambudziko
Green Manufacturing Shanduko
Biobased conversion agent: kushandisa zvidyarwa kutsiva makemikari echinyakare
Yakadzika tembiricha yeplasma kurapwa: kushandiswa kwesimba kwakaderedzwa ne50%, hapana kuyerera kwemvura.
Multi functional kubatanidzwa
Tsvagiridzo uye kusimudzira kwe superhydrophobic, antibacterial, uye conductive matatu mune imwe yekupfeka
Stretchable electronic coating: inochengetedza conductivity kunyange nehuwandu hwekutambanudza kwe300%.
Kubudirira kwakangwara
Sensor yakasanganiswa coating: Chaiyo nguva yekutarisisa yehutano hwezvinhu mamiriro.
Chiedza chinopindura ruvara chinoshandura coating: inogadzirisa otomatiki kudzika kwemavara zvinoenderana neUV kusimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-09-2025