Vanhu vazhinji vanobatanidza aruminiyamu nemakani ezvinwiwa uye mafuremu emahwindo ekuvaka. Vashoma vanoziva kuti mhando yesimbi iyi yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya ndiyo iri pakati pematekinoroji epamusoro-soro pasi rose. Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo, ine kudiwa kwegore negore kwepasi rose kwematani 300,000 kusvika 400,000 chete, isingasviki 1% yehuwandu hwese hwemagetsi emagetsi ekugadzira aruminiyamu, inotsigira zvikamu zvakakosha kubva kuma capacitors emagetsi uye kugadzirwa kwesemiconductor kusvika kuma particle accelerators. Ndiyo imwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvepamberi uko vagadziri vemuno vari kuita budiriro yetekinoroji nekukurumidza mumakore achangopfuura.
Tsanangudzo uye Kuyera Kuchena
Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo inotsanangurwa searuminiyamu ine kuchena kushomaye99.99% (giredhi re4N), inodarika kuchena kwearuminiyamu yakachena yeindasitiri ye1000 series. Mukugadzira zvinhu, inorongwa nemazinga ekuchena, uye giredhi rega rega rinoita mabasa akasiyana eindasitiri:
- 3N (99.9%): Aruminiyamu yakachena yemuindasitiri, inoshandiswa pakuvaka kwakajairika uye mabhazi emagetsi
- 4N (99.99%): Aruminiyamu yakajairika yakachena, giredhi rebasa remafoil emagetsi emagetsi uye ekudzivirira kwemaziso.
- 4N5 (99.995%): Aruminiyamu yakachena yepakati, yakatsanangurwa kuti ishandiswe nema capacitor emhando yepamusoro uye zvinhu zvinoshandisa sputtering feedstock.
- 5N (99.999%): Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo, chiyero chezvibodzwa zve semiconductor sputtering uye integrated circuit interconnects
- 6N (99.9999%): Aruminiyamu yakachena yemhando yemagetsi, yakachengeterwa michina yekutsvaga ruzivo rwepamusoro uye superconducting
Kusiyana nearuminiyamu yakajairwa, kukosha kwearuminiyamu yakachena kwazvo hakubvi pakusimba kwemuchina. Kukosha kwayo kwekutengeserana kunobva pahunhu hwayo hwepanyama hwakasiyana hunobva mukusachena kwayo kwakaderera. Inorongwa sezvinhu zvinoshanda chete, kwete zvinhu zvekuvaka.
Maitiro Ekugadzira Kuchenesa
Aruminiyamu yemagetsi yakajairika inoda kugadziriswa kwechipiri kuti isvike pakuchena kwe4N zvichikwira. Matekinoroji matatu makuru ekuchenesa anotungamira muindasitiri, imwe neimwe ine denga rakasiyana rekuchena uye mapurofayiri emitengo:
1. Kuchenesa kwemagetsi kwezvikamu zvitatu: Kunogutsa kuchena kwe4N ~ 4N5 nehunyanzvi hwekugadzira hwakasimbiswa, asi kunoshandisa simba rakawanda. Ndiyo nzira huru yekugadzira aruminiyamu yepamusoro-soro, nemitengo yekugadzira iri pakati nepakati kusvika pakakwirira.
2. Kuchenesa ganda: Kunopa kuchena kwe4N5~5N nemitengo yekugadzira inodzoreka. Yave nzira huru yekugadzira zvinhu zvinoputira ganda uye zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinopa kuenzanisa kwakasimba pakati pekushanda zvakanaka uye hupfumi.
3. Kuchenesa nzvimbo: Kunosvika pakuchena kwe5N~6N, nhanho yepamusoro inokwanisika kutengeswa, asi ine simba shoma uye inodhura zvakanyanya. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutsvagisa kwesainzi uye kushandiswa kwekuchena kwakanyanya.
Zvimiro zveZvinhu Zvikuru
Kushanda kwakanaka kwazvo kwearuminiyamu yakachena kwazvo inobvamana anotsanangura hunhu hwemuviri.
Chekutanga, kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwayo kunosvika pamuganho wedzidziso. Zvichitevera mutemo waMatthiessen, maatomu ekusvibiswa anokanganisa lattice ye crystal ye aruminiyamu uye anogadzira nzvimbo dzekupararira kwema electron dzinokanganisa kuyerera kwemagetsi. Kuchena kwakanyanya kunoreva chimiro che crystal chakakwana, zvichikonzera kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwepamusoro. Aruminiyamu ye 4N grade inogona kusvika 98% yekufambiswa kwe aluminium yakachena, ichipa kudziyisa kwakaderera uye kushanda nesimba kwakanyanya.
Chechipiri, inopa kufambiswa kwekupisa kwakanaka. Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo inoita kuti kufambiswa kwekupisa kuve 235 ~ 240 W/(m·K), pedyo nepfungwa yepamusoro. Sezvo kutamiswa kwekupisa kuchikanganiswawo nekupararira kwetsvina, kuvandudzwa kwehutsanana kunoderedza zvakananga kusimba kwekupisa, zvichiita kuti chinhu chacho chive chakakodzera kutarisirwa kwekupisa nesimba guru.
Chechitatu, ine ductility yakakura uye inokwanisa kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Pasina kana zvikamu zvekusimbisa zvirimo mu microstructure yayo, aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo ine plasticity yakanaka ine kureba kunodarika 40%. Ine mwero wakaderera wekushanda nesimba, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kumonerwa mumafoil matete-tete anosvika ma micrometer mashanu, anenge chikamu chimwe mugumi chehukuru hwebvudzi remunhu.
Chechina, inopa simba rekudzivirira ngura. Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo inoumba firimu reAl₂O₃ oxide rakakora, rakafanana pamusoro payo. Kusachena kwakaderera kunoreva kusakwana kwezvikanganiso muchikamu ichi che oxide uye misiyano midiki yekugona ngura munzvimbo, zvichireva kuti inovandudza zvakanyanya simba rekudzivirira ngura munzvimbo dzine hukasha.
Zvishandiso Zvikuru zveMaindasitiri
Aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo inoshanda kumaindasitiri mana anokosha, rimwe nerimwe riine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya.
1. Electrolytic capacitor foil: Iyi ndiyo nzira yakakura kwazvo yekushandisa, ichipa anopfuura 60% yekushandiswa kwealuminium yakachena kwazvo. Inoda kuchena kwe4N ~ 5N, chimiro che cubic texture uye saizi ye grain inodzorwa zvakanyanya. Ma foil aya anoshandiswa mumagetsi emagetsi evatengi, masisitimu matsva ekudzora magetsi emotokari, mayuniti emagetsi e5G base station, ma industrial frequency converters uye ma photovoltaic inverters. Chimiro che cubic grain chaiyo chinoita kuti ma tunnel pores aonekwe zvakaenzana, zvichiwedzera capacitance chaiyo.
2. Kugadzira maSemiconductor nemaelectronics: Midziyo yemaSemiconductor inonyanya kukanganiswa nekusvibiswa nesimbi. 5N+ high purity aluminum inoshandiswa pakuisa zvibodzwa muma physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes ye chip interconnect layers, ne alkali metal disappointments inodzorwa pa ppb level. Inoshandiswawo pa electrode materials muma surface acoustic wave filters nemagetsi, pamwe ne high thermal conductivity substrates dze advanced packaging.
3. Zvishandiso zvemagetsi zvevacuum uye zvinomhanyisa manyuchi: Musanganiswa wazvo wekufambisa magetsi zvakanyanya, kugona kwemagnetic kwakaderera uye mwero wakaderera wekubuda kwegasi pasi pevacuum zvinoita kuti zvive zvakakosha kumakamera evacuum accelerator ezvinyuchi, magadzirirwo eRF cavity ane superconducting uye zvikamu zvemidziyo yemagetsi.
4. Zvikamu zvemaziso: Mushure mekupukuta nemazvo,aruminiyamu yakawana kuchena kwakanyanyaKupenya kwechiedza kunopfuura 90% mu ultraviolet spectrum uye kupfuura 95% muchiedza chinoonekwa. Inoshandiswa pakuona magirazi emuchina we deep ultraviolet lithography, ma aerospace remote sensing reflectors uye ma high-power laser systems.
Zvipingamupinyi zvehunyanzvi uye Maonero eMusika
Kugadzira aruminiyamu yakachena kwazvo kunounza matambudziko matatu makuru ehunyanzvi. Chekutanga kudzora kusvibiswa kwakanyanya. Kune 4N grade, simbi inofanira kuchengetwa pasi pe20 ppm, silicon pasi pe15 ppm uye mhangura pasi pe10 ppm; kune 5N+ semiconductor grades, alkali metals dzakadai sesodium, potassium uye calcium dzinofanira kudzorwa pasi pe0.1 ppm, ppb level sezvo huwandu hwakafanana huchideredza mashandiro emidziyo ye semiconductor. Chechipiri kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakachena kwazvo dzekugadzira, zvinoda furniture linings dzakachena uye vacuum kana protective atmosphere kunyunguduka kudzivirira kusvibiswa. Chechitatu mutengo: 4N aluminium inodhura 3~5 zvakapetwa standard electrolytic aluminium, 5N grade inodhura 10~20 zvakapetwa, uye 6N grade inodarika 50 zvakapetwa mutengo wekutanga, zvichikonzerwa nekushandiswa kwesimba rakawanda, kudzikira kwemitengo yemidziyo, goho shoma uye matanho akawanda ekuchenesa.
Tichitarisa mberi, mafambiro matatu makuru achaumba musika. Mota itsva dzemagetsi uye ma photovoltaics zvicharamba zvichikurudzira kukura kwakasimba mukudiwa kwe4N grade. Kufambira mberi muhunyanzvi hwekuchenesa huchatsiva zvishoma nezvishoma kugona kwemagetsi matatu, zvichivandudza mashandiro emari. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kukurumidza kugadzika kwe semiconductor kuchaita kuti pave nekudiwa kukuru kwekuwanikwa kwe5N+ sputtering target grade high purity aluminum mudzimba.
Semutengesi ane hunyanzvi hwezvigadzirwa zvearuminiyamu zvemaindasitiri zvinosanganisira machira, mabhawa, machubhu uye masevhisi ekugadzira machina nemazvo, tinotsigira vatengi muzvikamu zvemagetsi, semiconductor uye magetsi matsva nekushandisa zvinhu zvearuminiyamu zvemhando yepamusoro uye mhinduro dzekugadzira dzakagadzirirwa iwe. Kana uchida kubvunza nezve specifications dzearuminiyamu dzakachena zvakanyanya kana kugadzirisa zvikamu zvakagadzirirwa iwe, bata timu yedu yekutengesa tekinoroji kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama nezvechigadzirwa uye mutengo wakagadzirirwa iwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Nyamavhuvhu-15-2026